Influenza C and Influenza D Viruses
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چکیده
Etiology • Influenza virus C (IVC) and influenza virus D (IVD) are enveloped RNA viruses in the family Orthomyxoviridae. They are more closely related to each other than to influenza virus A (IVA) or influenza virus B (IVB), containing seven genomic segments and a hemagglutinin-esterase (HE) fusion protein responsible for recognition, binding, and destruction of host receptors. • IVC appears to be more antigenically stable and slower to evolve compared to other influenza viruses. Re-assortment does not occur between IVC and IVA strains. IVD strains isolated from swine and cattle have been found to frequently reassort with each other.
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